Unicode and bytes:
*Unicode and bytes
str.encode(encoding, errors=‘strict’)
bytes.decode(encoding, errors=‘strict’)
open(filename, mode, encoding=None)
encoding | The encoding to use, e.g. 'ascii', 'utf8', etc…
errors | The errors mode, e.g. 'replace' to replace bad characters with question marks, 'ignore' to ignore bad characters, etc…