Essential Books

Association

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Left association

If the preceedence of two operators is equal, the associativity determines the grouping (see also the Remarks section): 

$a = 5 * 3 % 2; // $a now is (5 * 3) % 2 => (15 % 2) => 1

\* and % have equal precedence and left associativity. Because the multiplication occurs first (left), it is grouped. 

$a = 5 % 3 * 2; // $a now is (5 % 3) * 2 => (2 * 2) => 4

Now, the modulus operator occurs first (left) and is thus grouped.

Right association 

$a = 1;
$b = 1;
$a = $b += 1;

Both $a and $b now have value 2 because $b += 1 is grouped and then the result ($b is 2) is assigned to $a.

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Operators:
* Operators
* Null Coalescing Operator
* Spaceship Operator
* Execution Operator
* Incrementing and Decrementing Operators --
* Ternary Operator
* Logical Operators AND and OR
* String Operators . and .
* Object and Class Operators
* Combined Assignment etc
* Altering operator precedence with parentheses
* Association
* Basic Assignment
* Comparison Operators
* Bitwise Operators
* instanceof type operator
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