Simple case without duplicate keys
Stream<String> characters = Stream.of("A", "B", "C");
Map<Integer, String> map = characters
.collect(Collectors.toMap(element -> element.hashCode(), element -> element));
// map = {65=A, 66=B, 67=C}To make things more declarative, we can use static method in Function interface - Function.identity(). We can replace this lambda element -> element with Function.identity().
Case where there might be duplicate keys
The javadoc for Collectors.toMap states:
If the mapped keys contains duplicates (according to Object.equals(Object)), an IllegalStateException is thrown when the collection operation is performed. If the mapped keys may have duplicates, use toMap(Function, Function, BinaryOperator) instead.
Stream<String> characters = Stream.of("A", "B", "B", "C");
Map<Integer, String> map = characters
.collect(Collectors.toMap(
element -> element.hashCode(),
element -> element,
(existingVal, newVal) -> (existingVal + newVal)));
// map = {65=A, 66=BB, 67=C}The BinaryOperator passed to Collectors.toMap(...) generates the value to be stored in the case of a collision. It can:
Grouping by value
You can use Collectors.groupingBy when you need to perform the equivalent of a database cascaded “group by” operation. To illustrate, the following creates a map in which people’s names are mapped to surnames:
List<Person> people = Arrays.asList(
new Person("Sam", "Rossi"),
new Person("Sam", "Verdi"),
new Person("John", "Bianchi"),
new Person("John", "Rossi"),
new Person("John", "Verdi")
);
Map<String, List<String>> map = people.stream()
.collect(
// function mapping input elements to keys
Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getName,
// function mapping input elements to values,
// how to store values
Collectors.mapping(Person::getSurname, Collectors.toList()))
);
// map = {John=[Bianchi, Rossi, Verdi], Sam=[Rossi, Verdi]}