Essential Books

Trimming characters at start / end

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This example requires the headers <algorithm>, <locale>, and <utility>.

To trim a sequence or string means to remove all leading and trailing elements (or characters) matching a certain predicate. We first trim the trailing elements, because it doesn’t involve moving any elements, and then trim the leading elements. Note that the generalizations below work for all types of std::basic_string (e.g. std::string and std::wstring), and accidentally also for sequence containers (e.g. std::vector and std::list). 

template <typename Sequence, // any basic_string, vector, list etc.
          typename Pred>     // a predicate on the element (character) type
Sequence& trim(Sequence& seq, Pred pred) {
    return trim_start(trim_end(seq, pred), pred);
}

Trimming the trailing elements involves finding the last element not matching the predicate, and erasing from there on: 

template <typename Sequence, typename Pred>
Sequence& trim_end(Sequence& seq, Pred pred) {
    auto last = std::find_if_not(seq.rbegin(),
                                 seq.rend(),
                                 pred);
    seq.erase(last.base(), seq.end());
    return seq;
}

Trimming the leading elements involves finding the first element not matching the predicate and erasing up to there: 

template <typename Sequence, typename Pred>
Sequence& trim_start(Sequence& seq, Pred pred) {
    auto first = std::find_if_not(seq.begin(),
                                  seq.end(),
                                  pred);
    seq.erase(seq.begin(), first);
    return seq;
}

To specialize the above for trimming whitespace in a std::string we can use the std::isspace() function as a predicate: 

std::string& trim(std::string& str, const std::locale& loc = std::locale()) {
    return trim(str, [&loc](const char c){ return std::isspace(c, loc); });
}

std::string& trim_start(std::string& str, const std::locale& loc = std::locale()) {
    return trim_start(str, [&loc](const char c){ return std::isspace(c, loc); });
}

std::string& trim_end(std::string& str, const std::locale& loc = std::locale()) {
    return trim_end(str, [&loc](const char c){ return std::isspace(c, loc); });
}

Similarly, we can use the std::iswspace() function for std::wstring etc.

If you wish to create a new sequence that is a trimmed copy, then you can use a separate function: 

template <typename Sequence, typename Pred>
Sequence trim_copy(Sequence seq, Pred pred) { // NOTE: passing seq by value
    trim(seq, pred);
    return seq;
}
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std::string:
* std:string
* Tokenize
* Conversion to const char
* Using the std::string_view class
* Conversion to std::wstring
* Trimming characters at start / end
* Lexicographical comparison
* String replacement
* Converting to std::string
* Checking if a string is a prefix of another
* Accessing a character
* Looping through each character
* Splitting
* Concatenation
* Conversion to integersfloating point types
* Converting between character encodings
* Finding characters in a string
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