Steps of Overload Resolution

void f(char);          // (1)
void f(int ) = delete; // (2)
void f();              // (3)
void f(int& );         // (4)

f(4); // 1,2 are viable (even though 2 is deleted!) 
      // 3 is not viable because the argument lists don't match
      // 4 is not viable because we cannot bind a temporary to 
      //     a non-const lvalue reference

3.1. For some argument, the implicit conversion sequence for that argument in `F1` is a better conversion sequence than for that argument in `F2`, or

    void f(int );  // (1)
    void f(char ); // (2)

    f(4);  // call (1), better conversion sequence

3.2. In a user-defined conversion, the standard conversion sequence from the return of `F1` to the destination type is a better conversion sequence than that of the return type of `F2`, or

    struct A 
    {
        operator int();
        operator double();
    } a;

    int i = a; // a.operator int() is better than a.operator double() and a conversion
    float f = a; // ambiguous
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3.3. In a direct reference binding, `F1` has the same kind of reference by `F2` is not, or

    struct A 
    {
        operator X&();  // #1
        operator X&&(); // #2
    };
    A a;
    X& lx = a;  // calls #1
    X&& rx = a; // calls #2

3.4. `F1` is not a function template specialization, but `F2` is, or

    template <class T> void f(T ); // #1
    void f(int );                  // #2

    f(42); // calls #2, the non-template

3.5. `F1` and `F2` are both function template specializations, but `F1` is more specialized than `F2`.

    template <class T> void f(T );  // #1
    template <class T> void f(T* ); // #2

    int* p;
    f(p); // calls #2, more specialized

struct A {
    A(A const& ); // #1
    
    template <class T>
    A(T&& );      // #2, not constrained
};

A a;
A b(a); // calls #2!
        // #1 is not a template but #2 resolves to
        // A(A& ), which is a less cv-qualified reference than #1
        // which makes it a better implicit conversion sequence

void f(double ) { }
void f(float ) { }

f(42); // error: ambiguous