Resource Management

Introduction

One of the hardest things to do in C and C++ is resource management. Thankfully, in C++, we have many ways to go about designing resource management in our programs. This article hopes to explain some of the idioms and methods used to manage allocated resources.

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Resource management:

*Resource Management

*Resource Acquisition Is Initialization

*Mutexes Thread Safety

Table Of Contents

0Getting started

2Basic type keywords

3Operator precedence

4Floating point arithmetic

6Bit manipulation

10const keyword

12mutable keyword

13friend keyword

15Variable declaration keywords

18Type keywords (class, enum, struct, union)

19Classes / structs

27std::unordered_map

28std::set and std::multiset

31std::optional

32std::integer_sequence

33std::function

34std::forward_list

40Stream manipulators

41Metaprogramming

42Returning multiple values from a function

45Value and reference semantics

46Function call by value vs. by reference

47Copying vs assignment

48Pointers to class / struct members

49The this pointer

50Smart pointers

54Function overloading

55Operator overloading

58Value categories

61Rule of three, five and zero

64Implementation-defined behavior

65Special member functions

66Random numbers

68Regular expressions

69Perfect forwarding

70Virtual member functions

71Undefined behavior

72Overload resolution

73Move semantics

76Fold expressions

77Unnamed types

79ISO C++ Standard

80User-defined literals

82Memory management

83Explicit type conversions

85Standard library algorithms

86Expression templates

89static assert

91Date and time with std::chrono

92Trailing return type

93Function template overloading

94Common compile linker errors

95Design patterns

96Optimizations

97Compiling and building

99One definition rule

100Unspecified behavio

101Argument dependent name lookup

103Internationalization

105Return type covariance

106Non-static member functions

108Callable objects

109Constant class member functions

110C++ vs. C++ 11 vs C++ 17

111Inline functions

112Client server examples

113Header files

114Const correctness

115Refactoring techniques

116Parameter packs

118type deduction

119C++ 11 memory model

120Build systems

121Concurrency with OpenMP

122Type inference

123Resource management

124Storage class specifiers

126Inline variables

127Linkage specifications

128Curiusly recurring template pattern

129Using declaration

130Typedef and type aliases

131Layout of object types

132C incompatibilities

133Optimization

135Thread synchronization

137Futures and promises

138More undefined behaviors

140Recursive mutex

141Unit testing

143Digit separators

144C++ Containers

145Arithmetic meta-programming

146Contributors