C++11 introduced final specifier which forbids method overriding if appeared in method signature:
class Base {
public:
virtual void foo() {
std::cout << "Base::Foo\n";
}
};
class Derived1 : public Base {
public:
// Overriding Base::foo
void foo() final {
std::cout << "Derived1::Foo\n";
}
};
class Derived2 : public Derived1 {
public:
// Compilation error: cannot override final method
virtual void foo() {
std::cout << "Derived2::Foo\n";
}
};The specifier final can only be used with `virtual’ member function and can’t be applied to non-virtual member functions
Like final, there is also an specifier caller ‘override’ which prevent overriding of virtual functions in the derived class.
The specifiers override and final may be combined together to have desired effect:
class Derived1 : public Base {
public:
void foo() final override {
std::cout << "Derived1::Foo\n";
}
};